Photo-illustrations by Vanessa Saba<\/p>\n
Last year<\/span>, in Texas, a deteriorating marriage became the testing ground for a novel legal strategy favored by some of the country\u2019s most prominent right-wing lawyers and politicians.<\/p>\n Marcus and Brittni Silva\u2019s divorce had just been finalized when Marcus filed a lawsuit against two of Brittni\u2019s friends. According to his complaint<\/a>, Brittni had discovered that she was pregnant with their baby in July 2022, and ended the pregnancy by taking abortion medication. Marcus alleges that her friends Jackie Noyola and Amy Carpenter \u201cassisted Brittni Silva in murdering Ms. Silva\u2019s unborn child.\u201d He is suing for wrongful death and asking for at least $1 million in damages from each defendant.<\/p>\n Noyola and Carpenter tell their own version of what happened in a countersuit they filed<\/a>. Marcus drank often, they allege, and when he did, he was prone to verbally abusing Brittni. He got so drunk at one of her work events that he had to be escorted off the premises\u2014but not before he called her a \u201cslut,\u201d a \u201cwhore,\u201d and an \u201cunfit mother\u201d in front of her co-workers. Brittni had stayed in the marriage for the sake of their two daughters, but Marcus\u2019s outburst convinced her that there was no saving it. In the spring of 2022, she filed for divorce.<\/p>\n That summer, soon after Roe v. Wade was overturned but before Texas\u2019s abortion \u201ctrigger ban\u201d went into effect, Brittni got a positive result on a pregnancy test. Certain that she did not want to have another child with Marcus, Brittni texted Noyola and Carpenter to talk about her options. Noyola and Carpenter allege that Marcus disapproved of the friendship; he would sometimes hide Brittni\u2019s car keys to try to prevent her from seeing her friends.<\/p>\n Brittni kept her pregnancy test a secret from Marcus, but according to Noyola and Carpenter\u2019s suit, he learned about it when he riffled through her purse and discovered a Post-it note with the number for an abortion hotline and, on her phone, her texts with her friends. Marcus took photographs of the texts. The next day, he looked through her purse again and found a pill that can be taken to induce abortion.<\/p>\n Later, Marcus confronted her, Brittni told her friends. She wrote in a text message that he had demanded that she give him her \u201cmind body and soul\u201d and act \u201clike his wife who loves him.\u201d If she didn\u2019t agree to give him primary custody of their daughters, Brittni wrote, he would \u201cmake sure I go to jail.\u201d Brittni was surprised by Marcus\u2019s reaction, her friends\u2019 suit alleges; he\u2019d never been opposed to abortion. Now he was accusing her of killing a baby and threatening to go to the police. (Noyola and Carpenter have denied all the claims in Marcus\u2019s lawsuit, and he has denied all the claims in their countersuit.)<\/p>\n In fact, Marcus had already filed a police report. Soon, he obtained legal representation. Jonathan Mitchell, a conservative activist and attorney and the former solicitor general of Texas, became his lawyer in the case. Mitchell is often cited as the brains behind Texas\u2019s 2021 \u201cbounty law,\u201d which provides a reward of at least $10,000 to plaintiffs who successfully sue someone who \u201caids or abets\u201d abortion. The Silva case follows a similar logic: Marcus is, in effect, seeking a reward for reporting his ex-wife\u2019s friends to the state.<\/p>\n Mitchell declined to comment for this article. But his work on the Silva case and the bounty law, among other matters, reflects a tactic that conservatives have recently embraced in a range of social battles, including those over abortion, LGBTQ issues, and school curricula. Across the nation, Republican-controlled state legislatures and conservative activists have passed bills and embraced legal strategies that encourage Americans to monitor one another\u2019s behavior and report their friends, family members, and neighbors to the authorities. Call it the Snitch State.<\/p>\n [Adam Serwer: The Constitution is whatever the right wing says it is<\/a>]<\/p>\n Texas has been particularly hospitable to rules that promote such monitoring in service of advancing conservative ideological goals. Perhaps it\u2019s a matter of necessity: Despite right-wing victories in court and at the ballot box in recent decades, public sentiment on a variety of cultural issues has drifted leftward. And so, in an effort to impose their values, Republicans have turned to invasive forms of coercion.<\/p>\n Most Americans, <\/span>including <\/span>most Texas voters, believe that abortion should be legal in some form. The architects of this new anti-privacy regime do not. Republican legislators in Texas have proposed numerous additional restrictions since Roe v. Wade was overturned, including bills that would punish employers who help their workers get abortions, outlaw abortion funds that help women seek the procedure in another state, and circumvent local district attorneys who refuse to criminally prosecute abortion providers. Some proposed measures would restrict access to contraception. One would criminalize speech by making it illegal to provide \u201cinformation on how to obtain an abortion-inducing drug\u201d and forcing internet providers in Texas to censor such information.<\/p>\n It\u2019s hard not to conclude that the people pushing for bills like these want women to be scared to even contemplate having an abortion, let alone seek one out. They have said so themselves; in 2021, for example, the anti-abortion organization Texas Right to Life said it was \u201coptimistic that,\u201d in light of the bounty law, \u201cthe day is soon coming when abortion will not only be illegal, but unthinkable.\u201d Even expressing support for abortion rights could be considered suspect. Indeed, the Silva lawsuit seems to foreshadow this reality: It alleges that Brittni and her friends \u201ccelebrated the murder by dressing up in Handmaid\u2019s Tale costumes for Halloween,\u201d as if their costumes indicate liberal views on abortion that deserve sanction by the state.<\/p>\n [From the October 2024 issue: What abortion bans do to doctors<\/a>]<\/p>\n As of this writing, no one has yet been successfully sued under Texas\u2019s bounty law, and other measures that seek to turn citizens into informants have faced challenges in court. (If reelected, former President Donald Trump is likely to appoint more federal judges who would look favorably upon such measures.) But these policies have chilling effects whether or not they are strictly enforced. The mere threat of having one\u2019s privacy invaded and one\u2019s life potentially destroyed is sufficient to shape people\u2019s speech and behavior. American history shows us where this could lead.<\/p>\n The roots of this political style lie in the state-sponsored efforts of the first and second Red Scares. During the first, in the years following World War I, a wave of anarchist violence provided a predicate for suppressing free speech, as well as a justification for mob violence against people perceived to be disloyal to the government. But it was during the second Red Scare, in the 1940s and \u201950s, that the informant emerged as a paramount figure in American politics, when the federal government\u2019s attempts to block Soviet espionage metastasized into a national panic. Dozens of states passed laws criminalizing speech deemed subversive. Private employers, unions, and professional groups adopted loyalty oaths and administrative tests that inquired about personal beliefs and past associations.<\/p>\n According to the constitutional scholar Geoffrey R. Stone, from 1947 to 1953, more than 4.7 million people were scrutinized as part of the federal government\u2019s loyalty program, leading to about 40,000 \u201cfull-field investigations\u201d undertaken by J. Edgar Hoover\u2019s FBI. The bureau relied on allegations from informants, many of which were \u201cunsubstantiated hearsay\u2014mere gossip, rumor, and slander,\u201d Stone writes. The accuracy of the allegations hardly mattered; federal investigators often did not take the time to verify informants\u2019 claims. As a result, people policed their own thoughts, actions, and relationships out of fear that someone might tell on them.<\/p>\n Soviet espionage and expansionism were both very real threats. Many Red hunters, however, were not merely trying to prevent the establishment of Soviet-style communism in the U.S., or to protect U.S. atomic secrets. At a moment when liberalism appeared to be ascendant, conservative beliefs about economics, labor, race, gender, and sexuality could all be imposed in the name of \u201cfighting communism.\u201d As historians such as Ellen Schrecker and Landon R. Y. Storrs have argued, the second Red Scare was, in this way, successful at constraining the radical possibilities of New Deal social democracy. The power of organized labor was curtailed, and the potential for a more generous welfare state was limited. Even in books, films, and television shows, Americans sought to avoid topics and storylines that might be interpreted as left-wing.<\/p>\n Black workers\u2014who were asked questions like \u201cHave you ever danced with a white girl?\u201d and \u201cHave you ever had dinner with a mixed group?\u201d\u2014were among those who \u201csuffered disproportionately\u201d from loyalty investigations, Schrecker has written. Homosexuality, or perceived homosexuality, was also punished. As the historian David K. Johnson writes in The Lavender Scare<\/a>, at one point during the Truman administration, \u201cin the State Department alone, security officials boasted that on average they were firing one homosexual per day, more than double the rate for those suspected of political disloyalty.\u201d Ruining someone\u2019s life with an anonymous accusation was, for a time, a relatively simple matter.<\/p>\n During the second Red Scare, communism was frequently described as a plague that infected and transformed unwilling victims. Modern conservatives use similar rhetoric to justify fighting \u201cwokeness\u201d or \u201cthe woke mind virus,\u201d presenting liberalism as a civilizational threat that justifies extreme measures to suppress it\u2014particularly, these days, in the name of protecting children. But whereas conservatives in the \u201940s and \u201950s depicted the Soviet Union as a dystopian cautionary tale, their counterparts today openly venerate the oppressive tactics of illiberal societies abroad. In March, for example, Kevin D. Roberts, the president of the Heritage Foundation, described Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orb\u00e1n\u2019s tenure as \u201ca model for conservative governance.\u201d In September, Trump praised Orb\u00e1n from the presidential-debate stage.<\/p>\n The contemporary crackdown is different in another crucial respect: Although many of the people targeted during the second Red Scare chose to withdraw from public service or public life in the face of invasive surveillance and constant suspicion, that is much harder to do in the 21st century. Today, many of us share intimate details of our personal lives online with friends, loved ones, and, often, total strangers. Whether we intend to or not, thanks to the data economy, we are all our own informants, sharing our location, reading habits, search terms, menstrual-cycle dates, online orders, and more. In exchange for using online services and social-media platforms, we make ourselves more visible to those who would become the eyes and ears of the state.<\/p>\n If you live <\/span>in a part of the country where your very person could attract unwanted attention from the state and its informants, abstaining from social media or even withdrawing from public life may not guarantee safe harbor. Sometimes, you just need to leave.<\/p>\n Karen Krajcer grew up in a conservative religious family in Houston before moving to Austin, where she and her husband raised their kids. When their eldest child, who is trans, was in first grade, she came up to Krajcer in the kitchen and said, \u201cMom, I\u2019m a girl.\u201d Krajcer replied, \u201cYou don\u2019t have to be a girl to like girl things.\u201d \u201cI know,\u201d her daughter said. \u201cBut I\u2019m a girl who likes girl things.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cShe just held my stare,\u201d Krajcer told me. \u201cAnd I realized that I didn\u2019t understand what she meant, but that I\u2019m her parent, and it\u2019s my job to find out.\u201d<\/p>\n Then, one day when she was in fourth grade, Krajcer\u2019s daughter asked if she was going to die. \u201cShe\u2019s not prone to questions like that,\u201d Krajcer told me. \u201cShe wasn\u2019t talking about self-harm or suicide. She was afraid.\u201d<\/p>\n It was February 2022, and Texas Governor Greg Abbott had ordered the state\u2019s Department of Family and Protective Services to investigate the parents of minors who were receiving gender-affirming medical care. \u201cThe Texas Family Code is clear,\u201d Attorney General Ken Paxton wrote in a legal opinion that Abbott used to justify his order. \u201cCausing or permitting substantial harm to the child or the child\u2019s growth and development is child abuse.\u201d Abbott called upon \u201clicensed professionals\u201d and \u201cmembers of the general public\u201d to tell the government about families who were known to have trans children, so that they could be investigated for abuse. These families were now surrounded by potential informants: teachers, friends, neighbors\u2014even extended family.<\/p>\n Photo-illustration by Vanessa Saba. Source: Bernd Eberle \/ Getty<\/p>\n Professional medical groups, including the American Psychiatric Association and the American Medical Association, objected to the order, noting in one legal brief that \u201cthe medical treatments characterized as \u2018child abuse\u2019 in the Abbott Letter are part of the widely-accepted treatment guidelines for adolescents suffering from gender dysphoria, and are supported by the best available scientific evidence.\u201d<\/p>\n The portrayal of gender-affirming care as child abuse nevertheless led to a rash of reports. People called DFPS to report students \u201ceven if they\u2019re just simply going by a nickname, or different pronouns,\u201d Brian Klosterboer, an attorney with the ACLU of Texas, told me.<\/p>\n DFPS representatives appeared at Texas schools to pull students out of class for questioning, and showed up at children\u2019s homes to speak with their parents. \u201cAs an investigator, when you go in to speak to a child, as easy as you try to be and as kind, it\u2019s traumatizing; it just is. It\u2019s invasive,\u201d Morgan Davis, a former Texas child-welfare investigator, told me. Davis, who is trans, eventually resigned in protest of the order. A DFPS employee testified in court that, unlike with other kinds of investigations, she and her colleagues did not have discretion to set aside cases involving trans kids despite finding no evidence of abuse.<\/p>\n One DFPS employee who herself has a trans daughter asked her supervisor for clarification on the new policy. Would she now be considered an abuser for obtaining health care for her daughter? And if so, would her child be taken from her? According to a lawsuit that the ACLU filed on behalf of the employee and her family, she was put on leave hours later, and told the next day that she was under investigation. A state investigator came to her family\u2019s home, seeking access to her daughter\u2019s medical records.<\/p>\n The order threatened to separate trans children from their parents, which could lead to expensive legal battles for families who wanted to keep custody. Tracy Harting, a lawyer in Travis County who has been involved in child welfare for more than two decades, immediately grasped the cruel irony: If trans kids were taken from their parents, she told me, they would be entering a foster-care system \u201cthat\u2019s already overrun with kids who were actually being physically and emotionally abused by their families.\u201d<\/p>\n In response to the ACLU\u2019s lawsuit, a judge blocked enforcement of Abbott\u2019s order in March 2022, and two years later, a state appeals court upheld the injunction. But an exodus of families with trans children<\/a> was already under way, particularly after Texas outlawed gender-affirming medical care for children in 2023. \u201cI don\u2019t want to live in this state of terror anymore,\u201d one mother who left for Colorado told Texas Monthly.<\/p>\n [Listen: Radio Atlantic on when the state has a problem with your identity<\/a>]<\/p>\n Krajcer and her family, who live in Oregon now, felt the same way. Although her daughter was not undergoing any medical interventions, Krajcer still feared that she could be reported to the authorities by someone who disapproved of her gender identity. The implications of staying in Texas, Krajcer said, were too terrifying to contemplate. \u201cWhat happens if I\u2019m out in a rural area and our trans daughter breaks her arm? Am I going to be able to take her to the ER for basic medical care? Or is there a chance that a nurse or a receptionist or just a person sitting in the waiting room could turn us in?\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cI imagined being led into some small windowless room for my monitored child visitation,\u201d Krajcer said, \u201cand looking at our children and knowing that we could have gone, that we could have left, but we didn\u2019t.\u201d<\/p>\n In August 2023, <\/span>Michael Troncale, then an English teacher in Houston, was upset about what he saw as the \u201canti-trans propaganda coming from the right wing in Texas.\u201d Wanting to show support for his transgender students, he put up a poster in his classroom that said trans people belong<\/span>.<\/p>\n No one seemed to mind at first. But two months later, a school administrator told him that a parent had complained that the sign was \u201cdivisive.\u201d Troncale didn\u2019t know who the parent was, or if their child was in his class.<\/p>\n \u201c\u200a\u2018Look, I\u2019m sorry, but our legal team says you can\u2019t have this up, because it\u2019s a political message,\u2019\u200a\u201d Troncale says he was told. \u201cI didn\u2019t consider it political.\u201d<\/p>\n Perhaps he should have. In the past few years, Texas conservatives have undertaken a campaign of censorship in schools that longtime educators told me is unprecedented in its breadth and ferocity\u2014part of a nationwide backlash against what conservatives perceive as left-leaning books and ideas, many of them involving LGBTQ and racial issues. A major means of enforcement for this campaign is tattling: Parents and students alike are encouraged to report the teaching of forbidden ideas, so that those who teach them may be punished.<\/p>\n The recent spate of regulations against so-called critical race theory in K\u201312 schools exemplifies this logic. (Actual critical race theory is an academic framework conceived of by the Black legal scholar Derrick Bell; it is not generally taught outside higher education.) In 2021, Texas passed House Bill 3979, which included the provision that educators cannot \u201crequire or make part of a course\u201d the idea that \u201can individual should feel discomfort, guilt, anguish, or any other form of psychological distress on account of the individual\u2019s race or sex.\u201d Using language designed to sound egalitarian, the law purportedly safeguarded all students\u2019 psychological well-being: Educators, it stipulated, cannot teach students that \u201cone race or sex is inherently superior to another race or sex.\u201d<\/p>\n When Representative Steve Toth introduced the bill, he said it was \u201cabout teaching racial harmony by telling the truth that we are all equal, both in God\u2019s eyes and our founding documents.\u201d The alternative, he suggested, was communist indoctrination, \u201ca souped-up version of Marxism\u201d from which children needed to be protected.<\/p>\n In practice, though, H.B. 3979 and the similar Senate Bill 3\u2014which went into effect three months later, replacing the House bill\u2014constitute a de facto government ban on material that conservatives oppose, and essentially mean that the feelings of a certain category of student are the only ones that matter. In 2023, a school-district trustee in Montgomery County asked for \u201cpersonal ideologies\u201d to be \u201cleft at the door.\u201d One parent, she said, had told her that their first grader had been so distressed by a poster celebrating racial inclusivity that he moved classrooms. Another trustee suggested that displaying LGBTQ flags in schools might be illegal.<\/p>\n Texas\u2019s recent cascade of book bans has also been framed as an attempt to protect children from distress. \u201cParents have the right to shield their children from obscene content used in schools their children attend,\u201d Governor Abbott has written. But parents already have the right to tell their kids which books they can and can\u2019t read; what Abbott is calling for is the right to control which books other people\u2019s children read.<\/p>\n [Read: Book bans are targeting the history of oppression<\/a>]<\/p>\n Matt Krause, a former attorney for the Christian conservative law firm Liberty Counsel, was a Texas state legislator in the fall of 2021 when he sent a letter to superintendents inquiring about \u201cbooks or content\u201d in schools that \u201cmight make students feel discomfort, guilt, anguish, or any other form of psychological distress because of their race or sex.\u201d He attached a list of roughly 850 books, requesting that the school districts tell him how many copies of each they had. Krause\u2014who later acknowledged to The Dallas Morning News that he did not believe he had read the books in question\u2014had no power to order any books banned, but his list, and his invocation of the language in H.B. 3979, helped spur an avalanche of challenges across the state.<\/p>\n According to a lawsuit filed by library patrons in Llano County<\/a>, one woman, who would later be appointed to the county\u2019s library board, sent an email to a county official with the subject line \u201cPornographic Filth at the Llano Public Libraries.\u201d Attached was a spreadsheet of books from Krause\u2019s list that were in the libraries. Another concerned citizen, who herself would also later be appointed to the library board, was more direct about what she found objectionable: In an email to allies, she referred to Krause\u2019s list as the \u201c16-page list of CRT and LGBTQ book[s].\u201d Indeed, the titles on Krause\u2019s list, many of which deal with topics such as racism, LGBTQ rights, and abortion, highlight the political nature of his effort.<\/p>\n Soon, the Llano County libraries began removing some of these books from their shelves. One librarian alleges that she was fired after she refused to remove targeted books. She is now working as a cashier to make ends meet while she sues the county over her dismissal<\/a>. (The county has denied any wrongdoing.)<\/p>\n After a court ordered the books returned to the shelves, county officials appealed the order and considered shutting down the libraries<\/a> altogether rather than allow community members to access the material. (County officials said the removal of books<\/a> had nothing to do with their content. They ultimately decided to keep the library open, and an appeals court later ruled<\/a> that some of the books must be returned. That court is now reconsidering its order<\/a>.) The officials are represented by Jonathan Mitchell, the same attorney who is representing Marcus Silva. According to Axios<\/a>, Mitchell has also reportedly drafted hypothetical bounty laws that would provide financial remuneration to those who snitch on librarians for keeping banned books on their shelves\u2014or even just for expressing pro-LGBTQ sentiments.<\/p>\n In 2024, the purpose of banning books is not to keep children from accessing disturbing material\u2014the internet exists\u2014but to use the power of the state to stigmatize certain ideas and identities<\/a>. Nelva Williamson, an Advanced Placement history teacher from Houston, told me that she sees efforts like Krause\u2019s as part of a right-wing response to the Black Lives Matter protests of 2020 and the earnest desire of many young white people to learn more about the country\u2019s history of injustice. At the core of the backlash, Williamson thinks, is a fear that children will leave their parents\u2019 politics behind. \u201cThey just put CRT as an umbrella over everything,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n \u201cWhat is included in the obscenity standard is actually very vague,\u201d Jeremy Young, a historian who runs PEN America\u2019s anti-censorship program for education, told me. \u201cAnd this is something that you\u2019ll see across these bill types. The vagueness is the point; the vagueness is the way that the bills are enforced. Which is to say, when a bill has very vague definitions, it can be either overenforced or underenforced, depending on the person doing the enforcing.\u201d<\/p>\n Texas legislators cannot embed themselves in every classroom to monitor whether forbidden concepts and books are being discussed and assigned. But they can rely on informants. According to NBC News, a chief deputy constable in Hood County, recently spent two years attempting to bring criminal charges against a group of school librarians after activists filed a complaint alleging that their libraries were carrying obscene books (the county district attorney ultimately said there was not enough conclusive evidence to charge the librarians). In October 2021, Rickie Farah, a fourth-grade teacher in the Dallas area who had previously been named Teacher of the Year, was reprimanded by the school board after a parent complained about a book that her child brought home from Farah\u2019s classroom\u2014This Book Is Anti-racist<\/a>, by Tiffany Jewell. Farah contested the reprimand and kept her job. But her colleagues got the message: Even allowing a student to encounter a book that a parent disapproved of might lead to consequences.<\/p>\n Higher education has also been a target for Republicans, who see universities as sources of \u201cwoke ideology.\u201d Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick has argued that \u201ctenured professors must not be able to hide behind the phrase \u2018academic freedom,\u2019 and then proceed to poison the minds of our next generation.\u201d A 2023 bill to end tenure at state universities was rejected, but the legislature instead passed a law that gives politically appointed university overseers broad leeway to terminate tenured faculty for reasons of \u201cprofessional incompetence\u201d or \u201cconduct involving moral turpitude.\u201d Thus, in Texas, academic freedom may now be contingent on the political approval of state officials.<\/p>\n In 2022, <\/span>Lauren <\/span>Miller, who lived in Dallas, was pregnant with twins and suffering from such severe nausea that she found it difficult to eat and had to go to the emergency room twice. When one twin was diagnosed with a genetic disorder that is almost always fatal, she and her husband struggled to get clear guidance from medical professionals. No one would even say the word abortion out loud. \u201cWe would have genetic counselors\u2014so, people who don\u2019t even give abortions; they just counsel on options\u2014get midway through a sentence and then just stop, just scared to say more,\u201d Miller told me.<\/p>\n Then one genetic counselor, who had lived and worked in New York, let slip that in cases like these, doctors would usually perform a procedure called a \u201csingle fetal reduction.\u201d Miller asked what that meant.<\/p>\n \u201cShe immediately clammed up and she started apologizing; you could tell she was scared,\u201d Miller said. \u201cIt was truly like we had Greg Abbott, Ken Paxton, and, you know, other politicians, Texas Supreme Court justices, just sitting in that room taking notes, chewing on a pen cap right there with us.\u201d<\/p>\n Miller decided to have the single fetal reduction\u2014aborting one fetus\u2014to protect her health and that of the other twin. Afraid to leave a paper trail, she told friends in a group text of the diagnosis, but not about her plans. She had a quick, careful phone conversation with a friend who was a gynecologic oncologist, who recommended a doctor in Colorado. As she spoke over the phone with the Colorado doctor, Miller noticed that he made sure to say explicitly that he was not in the state of Texas.<\/p>\n At a party with friends that fall, Miller and her husband were careful not to mention that they were going to Colorado. \u201cWho was there who would overhear and report us because they want that $10,000?\u201d Miller said. \u201cWe didn\u2019t know everybody who was at the house that evening.\u201d<\/p>\n They also worried about the logistics of their trip. \u201cThe first question,\u201d Miller said, was \u201cwhat kind of digital footprint are we leaving? Do we leave our phones behind? Do we drive? Do we do everything in cash?\u201d Because of her severe nausea, she didn\u2019t think she would make it 12 hours in a car from Dallas to Colorado, and she was concerned about driving through rural Texas on her way to get an abortion at 14 weeks pregnant, especially if she ended up in an emergency room. She decided to fly.<\/p>\n Miller was perhaps more fearful than she needed to be about her trip to Colorado. The Texas bounty law has not been used against people who travel out of state, and women themselves cannot be punished for having an abortion\u2014only people who help them can. Still, given the political climate in Texas, her cautious behavior doesn\u2019t seem irrational. What would the ultrasound tech back in Dallas say or do when they noticed there was only one heartbeat instead of two?<\/p>\n The procedure went well. Miller\u2019s severe nausea subsided, and the remainder of her pregnancy was smooth. She delivered a healthy baby in March 2023. As it turned out, Miller\u2019s doctor in Dallas, Austin Dennard, had also recently fled Texas for an abortion because of a pregnancy complication of her own. Miller recalled that at her first appointment with the doctor after her abortion, Dennard simply said, in a formal tone, \u201cThere is only one heart rate. I will note in your file that there is an intrauterine fetal demise of one twin.\u201d The two women later joined a lawsuit filed by the Center for Reproductive Rights, which sought to set clear standards for exceptions to the state\u2019s abortion ban. This past May, the Texas Supreme Court issued a ruling leaving the vague exceptions language intact.<\/p>\n